Saang and Ragni in Cultural Haryana: Folk, Classical and Canonical

Abstract

This paper explores how the notion of folk spontaneity has been engaged with, in relation to classical/textual refinement and technological intervention, in the case of two folk traditions of the Haryanvi-speaking population, Ragni and Saang. It poses the main question: How the relationship between lok (folk) and shastra (classical) is being negotiated in the Haryanvi folk performances, while also maintaining their cultural identity. Ragni and Saang not only revive traditional stories but, as the study suggests, they rework them in the local language and with a lived experience perspective and in an awareness of community that enable them to affirm and make culturally meaningful performances. An another question this study takes is whether these traditions gain or lose their folk qualities through technological mediation. Results indicate that digital platforms have facilitated greater visibility, preservation and accessibility of folk forms, but that too much scripting, commercialism and institutionalisation may lead to a loss of dimension of folk expression that is spontaneous and participatory. Yet another question that is asked is if folk traditions can, at the same time, contribute also to cultural diversity and cultural cohesion. Analysis shows that these are performances which retain regional identities, pass on collective memory and ethical values, adjust classical stories to the present and represent solutions to problems of homogenisation and exclusion. This paper concludes that the process of folk creativity, classical inheritance and digital technology is a continuous dialogue, adaptation, and negotiated co-existence, which endures the vitality and cultural relevance of Haryanvi ragni and saang in a dynamic society.